Guide to the Different Types of Book Editing

Although terms like copy editing and line editing are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings, which I’ve detailed below and in order. It’s helpful know the differences so you know what to ask for when you begin your search for an editor.

Developmental Editing

This involves the big picture, such as the structure, pacing, and development of your manuscript. For fiction, this includes other elements like dialogue, characterization, and point of view.

While your editor might include some in-text edits, the focus will be on the extensive in-text comments and editorial letter you’ll receive. If your manuscript hasn’t been edited yet, this is the typical first step, and it is the most comprehensive by far.

I’ll always recommend beginning with a developmental edit. But if the cost is prohibitive, there are other options to consider, such as a manuscript evaluation. This is an extensive write-up focusing on key areas for improvement.

An assessment is more affordable than a line-by-line developmental edit and is a great idea for writers on a budget. You can also seek coaching services if you prefer real-time feedback and ongoing guidance.

Line Editing

Next comes line editing, which involves stylistic elements such as sentence structure, diction, concision and clarity, accessibility, and flow. Sometimes line and copy editing can be combined, but it depends on the scope of the project. If your prose requires significant rewording or restructuring, it’s probably a line edit.

It’s important to note that you’ll need to self-edit and accept/reject your editor’s suggestions after each stage. Editing is an iterative process, and it’ll likely take longer than you think.

Copy Editing

This involves mechanics such as spelling, grammar, punctuation, consistency, and accuracy.

Generally speaking, your editor will provide an edited copy (with in-text edits and comments), an editorial letter, and a style sheet that tracks style choices to ensure consistency. I also provide a clean copy with the edits incorporated for ease of editing.

Proofreading

This is a final check for errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, and formatting. This comes after your book has been formatted for publication.

Oftentimes when people say “proofread,” what they’re actually looking for is one of the services above. For this reason, I always ask for a sample in order to determine the scope of an edit before providing a final rate. If you’re unsure what you need, ask your editor to take a look and assess.

From line editing to proofreading, your editor will use the appropriate dictionary and style guide for reference. For me, that’s Merriam Webster (US English) and The Chicago Manual of Style (18th edition).

Check out this article on editorial rates to learn more about what the different types of editing cost.

Self-Publishing vs. Traditional

As you can see, these are various steps in the editing process. While these are the ideal stages for self-publishing writers, everyone’s journey is unique.

If you’re publishing traditionally, you’ll receive in-house editing assistance, so these steps might look different. However, competition is steep, which is why editing is strongly recommended beforehand. I would recommend multiple rounds still (to assist with development, style, and mechanics), but if you have to opt for one round, get a developmental edit—it concerns the heart of your novel.

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Please follow for subsequent articles on beta/alpha/ARC readers and where they fit in the process.

Let me know if you have any questions, and best of luck in your publishing journey.